Something you might not know about GPS device history
GPS DEVICE HISTORY
The GPS is an acronym for global positioning system and is an American system that consists of a system of 24 geosynchronous satellites in the Earth’s orbit. In any place on Earth, three or four satellites should be in view of a GPS Tracking Devices. GPS allows both people and machines to know their approximate or precise location at any time.Many people thought that the global positioning system was exclusively an American phenomenon that was a by-product of the 1960s space program. However, the history and changes have taken place in GPS are much more complicated than you think. Let’s see what the GPS history is.
Multi-environmental GPS tracking devices
In the early twenty-first century, it was possible to see various land-based GPS transponders sold by companies such as Ness Technologies that had magnetic mounts and allowed first responder agencies to track ambulances in real time. When vehicles are tracked, better dispatching of vehicles can be done in time of emergency. If one has emergency management exercises, vehicle tracking can be used as part of a performance gauge and to see if resources were used efficiently. By 2011, other companies had GPS tracking devices for any environment including air, land, or sea. These types of tracking devices can not only be used for resource allocation but also in criminal or corporate investigations. An example of one of these new devices that is now available to the consumer, corporate investigator, private investigator, and law enforcement officer is the LandAirSea GPS Vehicle Tracking Device. This device has been sold from Radio Shack. This device can be used in the air, on the land, or on the water with a variety of vehicles. The device works in temperatures of −15°F to 185°F which is important since airplanes may encounter severe temperature changes in one trip. The device can be used to send out a beacon of its location every second. The receiver can then find out information on the device’s direction,speed, and location. The device uses two AA batteries and can function to durations of 80 h on one set of batteries.
This type of multi-environment device is ideal for investigations where a suspect may use a boat, plane, or car. The device could also be misused by a stalker who tracks an ex-lover and then an investigator may need to do an investigation about the stalker’s misuse of the GPS tracking device. The amount of uses, misuses, and types of investigations that may result are numerous.
If a digital examiner has to examine a Rearview Mirror device for the airplane, there can be some error because the device is used at a high altitude. Flight location has to be exact since people fly at night, in bad weather, and use instruments when landing at night. There are multitudes of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) documents online or inline that discuss the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The WAAS system works with known ground points and GPS satellites through a Ground Uplink System (GUS) and provides an error correction system for the navigation system of the aircraft. The WAAS system can provide as much as 7 m of accuracy to the navigation data of an airplane.
GPS tracking and warrants
There exist GPS tracking devices that transmit a signal and allow someone with a corresponding receiver to obtain real-time location data for that tracking device that is difficult to see since and it can be just a small magnetic item that one sticks under the car. It is possible that the device may also have a small storage device that holds information on where a person drove and it could be examined later. The U.S. Supreme Court at syllabus U.S. v. Jones decided on January 23, 2012: “The D. C. Circuit reversed, concluding that admission of the evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device violated the Fourth Amendment”. It seems that this may have future implication for collecting data on a variety of mobile GPS devices. It goes to show how the law can change and private investigators and law enforcement people have to keep up with the law.
The problem with all these devices is that they were not even imagined by the founding fathers of the United States and therefore could not be addressed in the United States Constitution. The difficulty is that inductive reasoning must be applied to a variety of existing laws and commentary to come to a solution.
Braille GPS devices
By 2010, Michael Trei reported that there were devices that could be used by blind people for determining their GPS locations. Suppose a car was carjacked and the police recovered it later. Perhaps one of the passengers was blind and would like to know where she or he was by having something that spoke where they were. The police should look for devices that may have been left in the car such as the “Braille Note GPS”. The investigator should ask any special needs people about any relevant devices that keep track of location. Sometimes children have a cell phone with the family locator feature. If a phone was left on and in a stolen car, it may give the whereabouts to the car’s location.
Military-grade GPS Jammers
Once it was learned that the United States had GPS in the 1960s, the Russians tried to learn what it was and then built a rival system starting in 1976. They were not just satisfied with building a rival system but then started building GPS jammers. Zazona.com wrote that some jamming devices were sold by Russians to both the U.S. Army and the Iraqis in Baghdad. These jammers could cause GPS navigation devices to be ineffective.
By 2011, it also became known that the People Democratic Republic of Korea had a GPS jammer cable of jamming GPS signals to distances of 100 km as reported by North Korea Tech. North Korea Tech also reports that this jammer, if used near the border, could be capable of disrupting or wiping out signals in Seoul. A possible disruption in signals for GPS devices could affect GPS forensic investigations in the future because signal data may not be available for the time of disruption. It becomes apparent that enemy use of military GPS jamming units prevents the military from knowing exactly where its planes, missiles, and drones are. Depending on where the GPS jamming was done, it could make investigations of embedded GPS systems difficult since the devices cannot accurately track where they were.
Civilian-grade GPS Jammers
Anyone who grows fields of poppies or marijuana would not want drones or manned aircraft to be able to identify the location of a cash crop. Therefore, narcoterrorists— those who grow plants used to create illegal drugs to support terrorism—would have an interest in blocking GPS signals. The same groups would also wish to prevent border patrol aircraft or ground units to not be able to accurately describe the locations of drug caravans moving illegal drugs into the United States or across places such as Afghanistan. Individuals who may be under suspicion for drug trafficking or those people who have done nothing illegal but only want complete privacy from tracking devices would like to have consumer-grade GPS jamming devices.
By 2011, some type of GPS jammers for consumers became low cost and available online. There is a device offered for sale on eBay that is called a Mini Car GPS Tracker Jammer Blocker Anti Tracker Spy W/Switch. This device can be purchased from Hong Kong in the People’s Republic of China for about $20, including shipping. These devices broad-cast a signal within the 1500–1600 megahertz range for enough of a distance to disable tracking devices within the vehicle. A GPS jammer could be used by a cheating husband or wife who does not want any GPS device to record his or her trips. This is a counter-measure that investigators could encounter.
Signal Jamming for both GPS and Glonass systems
Some nations may wish to jam GPS signals from the United States, thus making American GPS devices unusable as far as knowing where they are. Then they may wish to use a competing system such as the Glonass system. However, Manuel Cereijo states that “Cuba recently acquired a capability for jamming U.S. GPS and GLONASS global positioning/NAVSAT signals, evidently based on a jamming system purchased from the Russian company Aviaconversia”. The blocking of both sets of signals could evenmake devices such as the Automotive Portable GLONASS GPS Navigator Explay GN-510 ГЛOHACC inoperative. If such jamming techniques were employed, then an investigation of where the device was during the times of jamming would not be possible.
GPS Fishfinder devices
There are a variety of devices that use GPS that one can purchase today and have been available since the 1990s. One of them is known as the fishfinder. These devices use GPS and allow boaters the opportunity to mark locations where fish might be. An example of such a device is the Garmin GPSMAP 421 GPS Chart Fishfinder Combo with T/M. The device uses an SD card and routes and locations can be saved. Why might there be an investigation of such a device? The answer is perhaps because someone dumped some-thing at sea such as a body, drugs, or toxic waste. An examination of such a device might show places for divers to look.
Another reason to examine such a device might be because of reports of taking treasure from a ship that might belong to an insurance company. Various places where the boat stopped may be checked against wreck sites to see if there was recovery of objects that are property of an insurance company.
The GPS is an acronym for global positioning system and is an American system that consists of a system of 24 geosynchronous satellites in the Earth’s orbit. In any place on Earth, three or four satellites should be in view of a GPS tracker. GPS allows both people and machines to know their approximate or precise location at any time.Many people thought that the global positioning system was exclusively an American phenomenon that was a by-product of the 1960s space program. However, the history and changes have taken place in GPS are much more complicated than you think. Let’s see what the GPS history is.
Multi-environmental GPS tracking devices
In the early twenty-first century, it was possible to see various land-based GPS transponders sold by companies such as Ness Technologies that had magnetic mounts and allowed first responder agencies to track ambulances in real time. When vehicles are tracked, better dispatching of vehicles can be done in time of emergency. If one has emergency management exercises, vehicle tracking can be used as part of a performance gauge and to see if resources were used efficiently. By 2011, other companies had GPS tracking devices for any environment including air, land, or sea. These types of tracking devices can not only be used for resource allocation but also in criminal or corporate investigations. An example of one of these new devices that is now available to the consumer, corporate investigator, private investigator, and law enforcement officer is the LandAirSea GPS Vehicle Tracking Device. This device has been sold from Radio Shack. This device can be used in the air, on the land, or on the water with a variety of vehicles. The device works in temperatures of −15°F to 185°F which is important since airplanes may encounter severe temperature changes in one trip. The device can be used to send out a beacon of its location every second. The receiver can then find out information on the device’s direction,speed, and location. The device uses two AA batteries and can function to durations of 80 h on one set of batteries.
This type of multi-environment device is ideal for investigations where a suspect may use a boat, plane, or car. The device could also be misused by a stalker who tracks an ex-lover and then an investigator may need to do an investigation about the stalker’s misuse of the GPS tracking device. The amount of uses, misuses, and types of investigations that may result are numerous.
If a digital examiner has to examine a GPS navigation device for the airplane, there can be some error because the device is used at a high altitude. Flight location has to be exact since people fly at night, in bad weather, and use instruments when landing at night. There are multitudes of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) documents online or inline that discuss the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The WAAS system works with known ground points and GPS satellites through a Ground Uplink System (GUS) and provides an error correction system for the navigation system of the aircraft. The WAAS system can provide as much as 7 m of accuracy to the navigation data of an airplane.
GPS tracking and warrants
There exist GPS tracking devices that transmit a signal and allow someone with a corresponding receiver to obtain real-time location data for that tracking device that is difficult to see since and it can be just a small magnetic item that one sticks under the car. It is possible that the device may also have a small storage device that holds information on where a person drove and it could be examined later. The U.S. Supreme Court at syllabus U.S. v. Jones decided on January 23, 2012: “The D. C. Circuit reversed, concluding that admission of the evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device violated the Fourth Amendment”. It seems that this may have future implication for collecting data on a variety of mobile GPS devices. It goes to show how the law can change and private investigators and law enforcement people have to keep up with the law.
The problem with all these devices is that they were not even imagined by the founding fathers of the United States and therefore could not be addressed in the United States Constitution. The difficulty is that inductive reasoning must be applied to a variety of existing laws and commentary to come to a solution.
Braille GPS devices
By 2010, Michael Trei reported that there were devices that could be used by blind people for determining their GPS locations. Suppose a car was carjacked and the police recovered it later. Perhaps one of the passengers was blind and would like to know where she or he was by having something that spoke where they were. The police should look for devices that may have been left in the car such as the “Braille Note GPS”. The investigator should ask any special needs people about any relevant devices that keep track of location. Sometimes children have a cell phone with the family locator feature. If a phone was left on and in a stolen car, it may give the whereabouts to the car’s location.
Military-grade GPS Jammers
Once it was learned that the United States had GPS in the 1960s, the Russians tried to learn what it was and then built a rival system starting in 1976. They were not just satisfied with building a rival system but then started building GPS jammers. Zazona.com wrote that some jamming devices were sold by Russians to both the U.S. Army and the Iraqis in Baghdad. These jammers could cause GPS navigation devices to be ineffective.
By 2011, it also became known that the People Democratic Republic of Korea had a GPS jammer cable of jamming GPS signals to distances of 100 km as reported by North Korea Tech. North Korea Tech also reports that this jammer, if used near the border, could be capable of disrupting or wiping out signals in Seoul. A possible disruption in signals for GPS devices could affect GPS forensic investigations in the future because signal data may not be available for the time of disruption. It becomes apparent that enemy use of military GPS jamming units prevents the military from knowing exactly where its planes, missiles, and drones are. Depending on where the GPS jamming was done, it could make investigations of embedded GPS systems difficult since the devices cannot accurately track where they were.
Civilian-grade GPS Jammers
Anyone who grows fields of poppies or marijuana would not want drones or manned aircraft to be able to identify the location of a cash crop. Therefore, narcoterrorists— those who grow plants used to create illegal drugs to support terrorism—would have an interest in blocking GPS signals. The same groups would also wish to prevent border patrol aircraft or ground units to not be able to accurately describe the locations of drug caravans moving illegal drugs into the United States or across places such as Afghanistan. Individuals who may be under suspicion for drug trafficking or those people who have done nothing illegal but only want complete privacy from tracking devices would like to have consumer-grade GPS jamming devices.
By 2011, some type of GPS jammers for consumers became low cost and available online. There is a device offered for sale on eBay that is called a Mini Car GPS Jammer Blocker Anti Tracker Spy W/Switch. This device can be purchased from Hong Kong in the People’s Republic of China for about $20, including shipping. These devices broad-cast a signal within the 1500–1600 megahertz range for enough of a distance to disable tracking devices within the vehicle. A GPS jammer could be used by a cheating husband or wife who does not want any GPS device to record his or her trips. This is a counter-measure that investigators could encounter.
Signal Jamming for both GPS and Glonass systems
Some nations may wish to jam GPS signals from the United States, thus making American GPS devices unusable as far as knowing where they are. Then they may wish to use a competing system such as the Glonass system. However, Manuel Cereijo states that “Cuba recently acquired a capability for jamming U.S. GPS and GLONASS global positioning/NAVSAT signals, evidently based on a jamming system purchased from the Russian company Aviaconversia”. The blocking of both sets of signals could evenmake devices such as the Automotive Portable GLONASS GPS Navigator Explay GN-510 ГЛOHACC inoperative. If such jamming techniques were employed, then an investigation of where the device was during the times of jamming would not be possible.
GPS Fishfinder devices
There are a variety of devices that use GPS that one can purchase today and have been available since the 1990s. One of them is known as the fishfinder. These devices use GPS and allow boaters the opportunity to mark locations where fish might be. An example of such a device is the Garmin GPSMAP 421 GPS Chart Fishfinder Combo with T/M. The device uses an SD card and routes and locations can be saved. Why might there be an investigation of such a device? The answer is perhaps because someone dumped some-thing at sea such as a body, drugs, or toxic waste. An examination of such a device might show places for divers to look.
Another reason to examine such a device might be because of reports of taking treasure from a ship that might belong to an insurance company. Various places where the boat stopped may be checked against wreck sites to see if there was recovery of objects that are property of an insurance company.
The GPS is an acronym for global positioning system and is an American system that consists of a system of 24 geosynchronous satellites in the Earth’s orbit. In any place on Earth, three or four satellites should be in view of a GPS Tracking Devices. GPS allows both people and machines to know their approximate or precise location at any time.Many people thought that the global positioning system was exclusively an American phenomenon that was a by-product of the 1960s space program. However, the history and changes have taken place in GPS are much more complicated than you think. Let’s see what the GPS history is.
Multi-environmental GPS tracking devices
In the early twenty-first century, it was possible to see various land-based GPS transponders sold by companies such as Ness Technologies that had magnetic mounts and allowed first responder agencies to track ambulances in real time. When vehicles are tracked, better dispatching of vehicles can be done in time of emergency. If one has emergency management exercises, vehicle tracking can be used as part of a performance gauge and to see if resources were used efficiently. By 2011, other companies had GPS tracking devices for any environment including air, land, or sea. These types of tracking devices can not only be used for resource allocation but also in criminal or corporate investigations. An example of one of these new devices that is now available to the consumer, corporate investigator, private investigator, and law enforcement officer is the LandAirSea GPS Vehicle Tracking Device. This device has been sold from Radio Shack. This device can be used in the air, on the land, or on the water with a variety of vehicles. The device works in temperatures of −15°F to 185°F which is important since airplanes may encounter severe temperature changes in one trip. The device can be used to send out a beacon of its location every second. The receiver can then find out information on the device’s direction,speed, and location. The device uses two AA batteries and can function to durations of 80 h on one set of batteries.
This type of multi-environment device is ideal for investigations where a suspect may use a boat, plane, or car. The device could also be misused by a stalker who tracks an ex-lover and then an investigator may need to do an investigation about the stalker’s misuse of the GPS tracking device. The amount of uses, misuses, and types of investigations that may result are numerous.
If a digital examiner has to examine a Rearview Mirror device for the airplane, there can be some error because the device is used at a high altitude. Flight location has to be exact since people fly at night, in bad weather, and use instruments when landing at night. There are multitudes of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) documents online or inline that discuss the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The WAAS system works with known ground points and GPS satellites through a Ground Uplink System (GUS) and provides an error correction system for the navigation system of the aircraft. The WAAS system can provide as much as 7 m of accuracy to the navigation data of an airplane.
GPS tracking and warrants
There exist GPS tracking devices that transmit a signal and allow someone with a corresponding receiver to obtain real-time location data for that tracking device that is difficult to see since and it can be just a small magnetic item that one sticks under the car. It is possible that the device may also have a small storage device that holds information on where a person drove and it could be examined later. The U.S. Supreme Court at syllabus U.S. v. Jones decided on January 23, 2012: “The D. C. Circuit reversed, concluding that admission of the evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device violated the Fourth Amendment”. It seems that this may have future implication for collecting data on a variety of mobile GPS devices. It goes to show how the law can change and private investigators and law enforcement people have to keep up with the law.
The problem with all these devices is that they were not even imagined by the founding fathers of the United States and therefore could not be addressed in the United States Constitution. The difficulty is that inductive reasoning must be applied to a variety of existing laws and commentary to come to a solution.
Braille GPS devices
By 2010, Michael Trei reported that there were devices that could be used by blind people for determining their GPS locations. Suppose a car was carjacked and the police recovered it later. Perhaps one of the passengers was blind and would like to know where she or he was by having something that spoke where they were. The police should look for devices that may have been left in the car such as the “Braille Note GPS”. The investigator should ask any special needs people about any relevant devices that keep track of location. Sometimes children have a cell phone with the family locator feature. If a phone was left on and in a stolen car, it may give the whereabouts to the car’s location.
Military-grade GPS Jammers
Once it was learned that the United States had GPS in the 1960s, the Russians tried to learn what it was and then built a rival system starting in 1976. They were not just satisfied with building a rival system but then started building GPS jammers. Zazona.com wrote that some jamming devices were sold by Russians to both the U.S. Army and the Iraqis in Baghdad. These jammers could cause GPS navigation devices to be ineffective.
By 2011, it also became known that the People Democratic Republic of Korea had a GPS jammer cable of jamming GPS signals to distances of 100 km as reported by North Korea Tech. North Korea Tech also reports that this jammer, if used near the border, could be capable of disrupting or wiping out signals in Seoul. A possible disruption in signals for GPS devices could affect GPS forensic investigations in the future because signal data may not be available for the time of disruption. It becomes apparent that enemy use of military GPS jamming units prevents the military from knowing exactly where its planes, missiles, and drones are. Depending on where the GPS jamming was done, it could make investigations of embedded GPS systems difficult since the devices cannot accurately track where they were.
Civilian-grade GPS Jammers
Anyone who grows fields of poppies or marijuana would not want drones or manned aircraft to be able to identify the location of a cash crop. Therefore, narcoterrorists— those who grow plants used to create illegal drugs to support terrorism—would have an interest in blocking GPS signals. The same groups would also wish to prevent border patrol aircraft or ground units to not be able to accurately describe the locations of drug caravans moving illegal drugs into the United States or across places such as Afghanistan. Individuals who may be under suspicion for drug trafficking or those people who have done nothing illegal but only want complete privacy from tracking devices would like to have consumer-grade GPS jamming devices.
By 2011, some type of GPS jammers for consumers became low cost and available online. There is a device offered for sale on eBay that is called a Mini Car GPS Tracker Jammer Blocker Anti Tracker Spy W/Switch. This device can be purchased from Hong Kong in the People’s Republic of China for about $20, including shipping. These devices broad-cast a signal within the 1500–1600 megahertz range for enough of a distance to disable tracking devices within the vehicle. A GPS jammer could be used by a cheating husband or wife who does not want any GPS device to record his or her trips. This is a counter-measure that investigators could encounter.
Signal Jamming for both GPS and Glonass systems
Some nations may wish to jam GPS signals from the United States, thus making American GPS devices unusable as far as knowing where they are. Then they may wish to use a competing system such as the Glonass system. However, Manuel Cereijo states that “Cuba recently acquired a capability for jamming U.S. GPS and GLONASS global positioning/NAVSAT signals, evidently based on a jamming system purchased from the Russian company Aviaconversia”. The blocking of both sets of signals could evenmake devices such as the Automotive Portable GLONASS GPS Navigator Explay GN-510 ГЛOHACC inoperative. If such jamming techniques were employed, then an investigation of where the device was during the times of jamming would not be possible.
GPS Fishfinder devices
There are a variety of devices that use GPS that one can purchase today and have been available since the 1990s. One of them is known as the fishfinder. These devices use GPS and allow boaters the opportunity to mark locations where fish might be. An example of such a device is the Garmin GPSMAP 421 GPS Chart Fishfinder Combo with T/M. The device uses an SD card and routes and locations can be saved. Why might there be an investigation of such a device? The answer is perhaps because someone dumped some-thing at sea such as a body, drugs, or toxic waste. An examination of such a device might show places for divers to look.
Another reason to examine such a device might be because of reports of taking treasure from a ship that might belong to an insurance company. Various places where the boat stopped may be checked against wreck sites to see if there was recovery of objects that are property of an insurance company.
The GPS is an acronym for global positioning system and is an American system that consists of a system of 24 geosynchronous satellites in the Earth’s orbit. In any place on Earth, three or four satellites should be in view of a GPS tracker. GPS allows both people and machines to know their approximate or precise location at any time.Many people thought that the global positioning system was exclusively an American phenomenon that was a by-product of the 1960s space program. However, the history and changes have taken place in GPS are much more complicated than you think. Let’s see what the GPS history is.
Multi-environmental GPS tracking devices
In the early twenty-first century, it was possible to see various land-based GPS transponders sold by companies such as Ness Technologies that had magnetic mounts and allowed first responder agencies to track ambulances in real time. When vehicles are tracked, better dispatching of vehicles can be done in time of emergency. If one has emergency management exercises, vehicle tracking can be used as part of a performance gauge and to see if resources were used efficiently. By 2011, other companies had GPS tracking devices for any environment including air, land, or sea. These types of tracking devices can not only be used for resource allocation but also in criminal or corporate investigations. An example of one of these new devices that is now available to the consumer, corporate investigator, private investigator, and law enforcement officer is the LandAirSea GPS Vehicle Tracking Device. This device has been sold from Radio Shack. This device can be used in the air, on the land, or on the water with a variety of vehicles. The device works in temperatures of −15°F to 185°F which is important since airplanes may encounter severe temperature changes in one trip. The device can be used to send out a beacon of its location every second. The receiver can then find out information on the device’s direction,speed, and location. The device uses two AA batteries and can function to durations of 80 h on one set of batteries.
This type of multi-environment device is ideal for investigations where a suspect may use a boat, plane, or car. The device could also be misused by a stalker who tracks an ex-lover and then an investigator may need to do an investigation about the stalker’s misuse of the GPS tracking device. The amount of uses, misuses, and types of investigations that may result are numerous.
If a digital examiner has to examine a GPS navigation device for the airplane, there can be some error because the device is used at a high altitude. Flight location has to be exact since people fly at night, in bad weather, and use instruments when landing at night. There are multitudes of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) documents online or inline that discuss the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The WAAS system works with known ground points and GPS satellites through a Ground Uplink System (GUS) and provides an error correction system for the navigation system of the aircraft. The WAAS system can provide as much as 7 m of accuracy to the navigation data of an airplane.
GPS tracking and warrants
There exist GPS tracking devices that transmit a signal and allow someone with a corresponding receiver to obtain real-time location data for that tracking device that is difficult to see since and it can be just a small magnetic item that one sticks under the car. It is possible that the device may also have a small storage device that holds information on where a person drove and it could be examined later. The U.S. Supreme Court at syllabus U.S. v. Jones decided on January 23, 2012: “The D. C. Circuit reversed, concluding that admission of the evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device violated the Fourth Amendment”. It seems that this may have future implication for collecting data on a variety of mobile GPS devices. It goes to show how the law can change and private investigators and law enforcement people have to keep up with the law.
The problem with all these devices is that they were not even imagined by the founding fathers of the United States and therefore could not be addressed in the United States Constitution. The difficulty is that inductive reasoning must be applied to a variety of existing laws and commentary to come to a solution.
Braille GPS devices
By 2010, Michael Trei reported that there were devices that could be used by blind people for determining their GPS locations. Suppose a car was carjacked and the police recovered it later. Perhaps one of the passengers was blind and would like to know where she or he was by having something that spoke where they were. The police should look for devices that may have been left in the car such as the “Braille Note GPS”. The investigator should ask any special needs people about any relevant devices that keep track of location. Sometimes children have a cell phone with the family locator feature. If a phone was left on and in a stolen car, it may give the whereabouts to the car’s location.
Military-grade GPS Jammers
Once it was learned that the United States had GPS in the 1960s, the Russians tried to learn what it was and then built a rival system starting in 1976. They were not just satisfied with building a rival system but then started building GPS jammers. Zazona.com wrote that some jamming devices were sold by Russians to both the U.S. Army and the Iraqis in Baghdad. These jammers could cause GPS navigation devices to be ineffective.
By 2011, it also became known that the People Democratic Republic of Korea had a GPS jammer cable of jamming GPS signals to distances of 100 km as reported by North Korea Tech. North Korea Tech also reports that this jammer, if used near the border, could be capable of disrupting or wiping out signals in Seoul. A possible disruption in signals for GPS devices could affect GPS forensic investigations in the future because signal data may not be available for the time of disruption. It becomes apparent that enemy use of military GPS jamming units prevents the military from knowing exactly where its planes, missiles, and drones are. Depending on where the GPS jamming was done, it could make investigations of embedded GPS systems difficult since the devices cannot accurately track where they were.
Civilian-grade GPS Jammers
Anyone who grows fields of poppies or marijuana would not want drones or manned aircraft to be able to identify the location of a cash crop. Therefore, narcoterrorists— those who grow plants used to create illegal drugs to support terrorism—would have an interest in blocking GPS signals. The same groups would also wish to prevent border patrol aircraft or ground units to not be able to accurately describe the locations of drug caravans moving illegal drugs into the United States or across places such as Afghanistan. Individuals who may be under suspicion for drug trafficking or those people who have done nothing illegal but only want complete privacy from tracking devices would like to have consumer-grade GPS jamming devices.
By 2011, some type of GPS jammers for consumers became low cost and available online. There is a device offered for sale on eBay that is called a Mini Car GPS Jammer Blocker Anti Tracker Spy W/Switch. This device can be purchased from Hong Kong in the People’s Republic of China for about $20, including shipping. These devices broad-cast a signal within the 1500–1600 megahertz range for enough of a distance to disable tracking devices within the vehicle. A GPS jammer could be used by a cheating husband or wife who does not want any GPS device to record his or her trips. This is a counter-measure that investigators could encounter.
Signal Jamming for both GPS and Glonass systems
Some nations may wish to jam GPS signals from the United States, thus making American GPS devices unusable as far as knowing where they are. Then they may wish to use a competing system such as the Glonass system. However, Manuel Cereijo states that “Cuba recently acquired a capability for jamming U.S. GPS and GLONASS global positioning/NAVSAT signals, evidently based on a jamming system purchased from the Russian company Aviaconversia”. The blocking of both sets of signals could evenmake devices such as the Automotive Portable GLONASS GPS Navigator Explay GN-510 ГЛOHACC inoperative. If such jamming techniques were employed, then an investigation of where the device was during the times of jamming would not be possible.
GPS Fishfinder devices
There are a variety of devices that use GPS that one can purchase today and have been available since the 1990s. One of them is known as the fishfinder. These devices use GPS and allow boaters the opportunity to mark locations where fish might be. An example of such a device is the Garmin GPSMAP 421 GPS Chart Fishfinder Combo with T/M. The device uses an SD card and routes and locations can be saved. Why might there be an investigation of such a device? The answer is perhaps because someone dumped some-thing at sea such as a body, drugs, or toxic waste. An examination of such a device might show places for divers to look.
Another reason to examine such a device might be because of reports of taking treasure from a ship that might belong to an insurance company. Various places where the boat stopped may be checked against wreck sites to see if there was recovery of objects that are property of an insurance company.
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