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While this is a text on how to use GPS in GIS–and hence is primarily concerned with positional issues, it would not be complete without mentioning what may, for the average person, be the most important facet of GPS: providing Earth with a universal, exceedingly accurate time source. Allowing any person or piece of equipment to know the exact time has tremendous implications for things we depend on every day (like getting information across the Internet, like synchronizing the electric power grid and the telephone network). Further, human knowledge is enhanced by research projects that depend on knowing the exact time in different parts of the world. For example, it is now possible to track seismic waves created by earthquakes, from one side of the earth, through its center, to the other side, since the exact time may be known worldwide. GPS AND GIS The subject of this blog is the use of GPS as a method of collecting locational data for Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Th...

Additional techniques are being developed for increasing the accuracy of the positioning information derived from the GPS for certain applications. One technique, which has been developed by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), uses transmissions from communication satellites to improve the positioning accuracy of GPS tracking device in aircraft. This technique, known as the wide area augmentation system (WAAS), uses a network of wide area ground reference stations (WRS) and two wide area master stations (WMS) to calculate pseudorange correction factors for each SV, as well as to monitor the operational health of each SV. This information is uplinked to communication satellites in geostationary earth orbit (GEO), which transmit the information on the L1 frequency, along with additional ranging signals. This system has improved the positioning accuracy of GPS on board aircraft to within 7 metres horizontally and vertically, allowing the system to be used by aircraft for Catego...

With dynamic growth and acceptance of mobile devices, many innovative business applications are beginning to emerge. GPS phone and tracing seems to be one of the popular applications which many organisations have initiated, often facilitated by location based services provided by mobile network operators. However, there are many issues associated with the provisioning of this application with current technologies and business models. Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) that make up a significant segment of businesses worldwide do not yet seem able to benefit widely from these services. In this chapter, we initially review current technologies/ applications and the issues associated with them, drawing from research and the experiences of a long term ongoing action research project with SMEs in the trade sector. Subsequently, we explore the opportunities offered by 3G services/business applications to SMEs, and provide a broad critical outlook on future opportunities for SMEs to be...

With the current technology, tracking and tracing usually requires an additional GPS antenna to determine the precise location, as the position information from the GSM network is too fuzzy to provide accurate location data. Also communication with mobile units is often established by Short Message Service (SMS), with a fixed fee associated with every query. There is no permanent flow of data communications (SMS is not an “always on” service) between the field staff and the base—and every query incurs relevant cost. With the evolvement of 3G networks, there is an expectation of change in the infrastructure or rather; there have already been some changes. 3G will allegedly provide “always on” data communication at high speed, which will enable easy and quick queries at any time, even continuous tracking and tracing. It is also assumed that this service will be at a comparatively lower rate. The major enhancements to be expected from GPS 3G mobile services are directly linked to new k...

A Global Positioning System (GPS) is a key component of a present day intelligent vehicle. tracker for vehicle can be used to find absolute position and velocity. This is very useful for an autonomous vehicle that has access to a precise map, as it can understand where it is with respect to its destination and with respect to the road network or, for an off-road vehicle, topographic features and obstacles. This information is needed, for example, to compute optimal routes or driving directions. On- or offroad, when combined with a vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication system, it can also provide relative position and relative speed information. Autonomous vehicles use all the standard sensors available in a car for self-sensing. Thus speed sensing is available, and variables that are measured in the engine and powertrain or are related to the brakes can be accessed. Furthermore, sensors are needed to measure steering wheel angle and gear shift, but these are fairly easy to desig...

GPS Declassified examines the development of GPS from its secret, Cold War military roots to its emergence as a worldwide consumer industry. Drawing on previously unexplored documents, the military rivalries influenced the creation of GPS and shaped public perceptions about its origin. Since the United States’ first program to launch a satellite in the late 1950s, the nation has pursued dual paths into space—one military and secret, the other scientific and public. Among the many commercial spinoffs this approach has produced, GPS arguably boasts the greatest impact on our daily lives. Told by the son of a navy insider—whose work helped lay the foundations for the system—and a science and technology journalist, the research and technological advances required for the development of GPS. GPS moved from the laboratory to the battlefield to the dashboard and the smartphone, and they raise the specter of how this technology and its surrounding industry affect public policy. Insights into h...

We are currently seeing a golden age of unprecedented progress and discovery in movement research. The innovation in Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, combined with systems for remote data transfer, has particularly favored tracking device -based animal telemetry to become a standard in wildlife tracking. Three main processes are responsible for this rapid advancement: (1) the development of new tracking techniques to quantify movement, (2) powerful data analysis tools to examine key questions about movement and its causes and consequences, and (3) conceptual and theoretical frameworks for integrating movement research. Many new tools have been developed recently to record the movement of various organisms vii with levels of accuracy, frequency, and duration that are much higher than they were just a few years ago. This has strongly improved our capacity to track insects, fish, and other relatively small organisms. However, arguably the most dramatic development in animal bio...

3G is now emerging in the machine-to-machine (M2M) markets as a solution for high data usage in location-based services for business application. 3G networks allow for faster data stream for messaging terminals and provide a wider coverage area. Unlike Bluetooth trackers, our New 3G solution can locate your pet anywhere it may go. The device is also small enough that you can attach it your existing dog collar. 3G GPS tracker gives you the location of anything, at anytime. Utilizing cutting-edge GPS technology, JiMi 3G GPS tracker can help you track anything, be it your car, children, or a prized possession, all in real time. The tracker’s manageable size allows you to install it easily, while being tough enough to withstand the bumps and movement of vehicle tracking. This tutorial has been specially designed to guide you through the functions and features of your 3G GPS vehicle tracker. With carriers planning to sunset the support of the 2G network, Jimi is giving customers the opti...